Race And European Superiority During The First World War

Race and European superiority were important aspects of the First World War for two main reasons. Ideas about race were developed throughout the 19th century during the scramble for Africa. The partition of Africa became one of the most prominent preoccupations of modern Europeans. Furthermore, several of the major countries at war between 1914 and 1918 possessed large colonial empires, where white Europeans ruled over Africans, Asians, and Pacific Islanders. Until recently, historians rarely mentioned the involvement of colonial troops during the First World War. It can be seen today that every country had different point of views concerning the reasons for the involvement of African troops in colonial armies but also the treatment of Africans. It is therefore important to understand how important those ideas of race and European superiority in the treatment of Africans in the colonial armies were. To answer this question, one must first understand the concept of race and European superiority in the treatment of Africans. When Europeans colonised Africa and Asia, they made sure that the native people knew that they were their leaders and that they were superior to them. However, during the First World War many Africans and Asians fought alongside the Europeans. To comprehend how important those ideas of race and European superiority in the treatment of Africans in the colonial armies, one can firstly analyse the importance of race and European superiority in France.Show MoreRelatedThe World Of The Holocaust853 Words   |  4 PagesOne common assumption that people make about the Holocaust is that the atrocity was an event unique to world history. It is not often taught in United States history classes that there were events previous to World War II that set precedence that allowed the Holocaust to occur under Nazi Germany rule. Generally, history classes do not explore colonialism outside of the United States, so it is no surprise that very few people are a ware of German colonialism in Africa, let alone how Germany’s actionsRead MoreBattle Of The Great War956 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Great War, WWII, and Cold War are described as one big war or not, for sure, each war theoretically ties together. Although the initial cause of the Great War, 1914-1918 is due to the assassination of the Austrian archduke, who was Francis Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, what makes the Great War tied to WWII is the closure war of the series of peace treaties, and also the bitterness and vengeful soldiers. Nevertheless, there are three big events that tie the Great War, WWII and Cold war togetherRead MoreRace As A Social Construct1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of race is an ancient construction through which a single society models all of mankind around the ideal man. This idealism evolved from prejudice and ignorance of another culture and the inability to view another human as equal. The establishment of race and racism can be seen from a s early as the Middle Ages through the present. The social construction of racism and the feeling of superiority to people of other ethnicities, have been distinguishably present in European societies as wellRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Race1743 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Social Construction of Race, Ian F. Haney Lopez defines race as a social construct that is constantly changing its meaning due to the fickle nature of society. Lopez believes that this fickleness stems from a social climate formed by a variety of factors such as human economic interest, current events, and ideology. There are certain racial definitions however, that have remained mostly the same despite efforts to bring attention to the offensiveness and immorality of such discriminatory thinkingRead MoreThe New Imperialism During the 19th Century Essay1046 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Imperialism during the 19th century throughout Africa and Asia was an influential prompt to the rise of colonialism and powerful European empires. Consisting of raw materials, markets for European business, and provided resources made the African and Asian colonies extremely ingenious for European empires. However, as the 20th century emerged, imperialism suddenly faded and became a sentiment of the past. Surely even one of the most influential empires at a certain point in time – BritainRead MoreThe World Economy And The Western World1462 Words   |  6 Pages The world economy played a large role in the shaping of racial circumstances in Africa and the Western world. The African world went from barely any contact with any nations outside of Africa pre-1400, to vast trade with European nations and the West by the 1800s. The major change in communication and trade affected the way in which the economy flourished and countries evolved. The introduction of African slaves to the Western world through trade because of disenclavement and the emergence of capitalismRead MoreAs Japan Joined The Glob al Community, Its Leaders Realized1692 Words   |  7 Pagesbenefit itself as well as the colonies, while internally they used ideas of racial superiority, militaristic lust for conquest, and fascist ultra-nationalism to convince the populace to follow along. Japan’s strong belief in the superiority of their race over the Chinese people tricked them into being complacent in their invasion of Manchuria, and ultimately was a major factor in their eventual defeat at the end of World War II. The West’s dealings in China and the rest of Asia showed Japan the realityRead MoreThe Events Leading For The First World War1085 Words   |  5 PagesThe Events Leading to The First World War Xavier Theriot HIST102-084 The world war thrown into chaos the day that the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ushered a war which caused the toppling of four empires and lead to the deaths of millions of soldiers and civilians. This paper will attempt to explore and analyze the events that took place leading up to World War I. There are numerous causes of the war, but perhaps the most importantRead MoreNazi Ideology And The Nazi Party Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesaspects of Nazi ideology such as antisemitism, the desire to expand the German empire, and the belief in the strength of the Aryan race existed in Germany years before Adolf Hitler was a name anyone in Germany would recognize. The most widely known aspects of Nazi ideology are their hatred of Jewish people and their tireless efforts to exterminate the entire race during their rule. This distinctly Nazi belief of antisemitism is not one that the Nazis created. It instead had existed for several thousandRead MoreScramble for Africa835 Words   |  4 PagesEuropean powers were involved in Africa since the mid-1500s but had restricted their area of influence to only the coastal regions of Western Africa, where powers such as Great Britain established hubs for their highly profitable slave trade (David). Over a period of nearly three hundred years, European ships had transported more than 11 million people from Africa to different areas of the world, including America after the slave trade was abolished in Europe, and sold them into slavery (David)

Racism in America Essay - 2479 Words

For a nation flying its diversity flag with boastful pride, the United States exudes historic and current intolerance towards the microcosmic melting pot of mixed children. Self-identity is an unavoidable concern of interracial young persons maturing in present-day America. Society seems concerned with the issue of where the embodiments of multi-races belong as well. Where in the pecking order of society are products of miscegenation placed? For an adolescent already searching for an established sense of self, this impression of being an outsider nationally due to an interracial background significantly affects the coming of age quest. Life in America is built upon a foundation of connections; an intricate web of relationships molds†¦show more content†¦Although with time societys views on multiracial children have improved, the contemporary mixed generation is molded by individualistic experiences. The first of three aforementioned relationships is that of the mixed race child and the deceptively uniracial population of the United States. Historically, miscegenation has never been regarded as a norm or socially acceptable, and Caucasian-dominant views created this idea of inbreeding which has endured over centuries. Race has been utilized to justify slavery, colonization, segregation, and genocide. A weakened desire for racial purity still exists in some cultures within the United States. Furthermore, pigmentation as well as physical characteristics and features still are influential for classifying people into caste, religious, and social groups and who will be rich, poor, educated, beautiful, or plain (Brown 30). The necessity for separation and distinction of one race from another emerged during the enslavement of black people in Europe and the United States. From slavery emerged the mulatto. White male slave owners would often impregnate their black female slaves--sometimes consensually, often by force-- to ensure another slave would be born. Frequently regarded as an economic boost, these mixed children also came with issues of what caste they belonged to. Granted, the white-supremacist government rarely penalized wealthy slave owners, but the offspringShow MoreRelatedRacism In America Racism1096 Words   |  5 PagesLeah Song Professor Dongho Cha English 161 22 October 2017 Racism in America The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended all state and local laws requiring segregation. The â€Å"whites only† signs have ceased to lurk over water fountains, bathrooms, and restaurant counters. However, that is only on legal terms and paperwork. Many Americans don’t want to admit it, but segregation is still around. Sometimes by design or by choice. The 21st century segregation exists only in our school systems and communities. ItRead MoreRacism In America1047 Words   |  5 Pages Many people believe that racism in America is an issue of the past. Slavery has been abolished, segregation is no longer prevalent, and the last president of the United States was African American. While these facts prove that the U.S. has come a long way since the development of Jim Crow Laws and the â…â€" Compromise, racism has still not been defeated. In the past, America’s political system made it possible for racism and slavery to thrive. Today, America does not allow for segregation or discriminationRead MoreRacism in America1431 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Racism in America Introduction Is racism still a problem in America more than fifty years after the Civil Rights Movement, and 48 years after the 1964 Civil Rights Act signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson? How far has America come from the days when African Americans were lynched by fanatical racist mobs and from the days when Jim Crowe laws trumped the laws set forth by the U.S. Constitution? This paper delves into those and other issues involving racism in America. Thesis: AmericanRead MoreRacism In America1187 Words   |  5 PagesRacism has shaped societies since the beginning of time, as far back as the children of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Even then, people living in the land of Goshen were subjugated to racism because of their differences. From Hitler and the Nazis to the Southern American slave owners, prejudice of one race against another has resulted in atrocities. Racism has shaped the form of our present day societies. Racism will likely never be completely removed from our society it will alw ays exist. However,Read MoreRacism in America3085 Words   |  13 PagesRacism has taken on several forms in America over the past several hundred years. The most substantial or well known is the plight of the African American slaves and the injustices they suffered. Today, a new form of racism is developing; one that has always been around but has now entered the forefront of most Americans minds. This new racism is against members of the Middle Eastern culture and religion. The actions of September 11th have not created a new problem, they have just shed lightRead MoreRacism in America3527 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿ Racism in America Alton Dawson Liberty University Abstract The purpose of this research is to show the effects of racism in America. Racism is defined as one group assumes superiority over other groups that develop attitudes of arrogance and ignorance. Despite many laws and legislation attempts to eliminate the evils of racism, the problem focuses on the cultural differences of race, color and biological supremacy. Racism comes in the form of ethnic cleansing, hate groups, discriminationRead MoreRacism in America2427 Words   |  10 PagesThere is surely no nation in the world that holds racism in greater horror than does the United States. Compared to other kinds of offenses, it is thought to be somehow more reprehensible. The press and public have become so used to tales of murder, rape, robbery, and arson, that any but the most spectacular crimes are shrugged off as part of the inevitable texture of American life. Racism is never shrugged off. For example, when a White Georgetown Law School student reported earlier this yearRead MoreRaci sm In America1757 Words   |  8 Pagesand inequity ever felt by minority groups comes from White racism, expands it into many different examples. While reading his book, I decided to research for myself if his opinions were just that, or had evidence and facts. What I found was a combination. As much as I would love to say that racism hasn’t existed in this country since 1964, that’s unfortunately not true. And while that is true, the bulk of the evidence pointed away from racism in the sense that White people were trying to take powerRead MoreRacism In America1868 Words   |  8 PagesRacism in the United States is still very alive and well. Even after fifteen decades after abolishing slavery, the United States is still a slave to its racist past. In all honestly, the United States hasn’t come to terms with its ugly racial bigotry and injustices. For example, Donald Trump was elected the 45th president; his rise to ascendancy was driven by a campaign that no t only lacked basic human decency, but was filled with xenophobia, Islamophobia and misogyny. While blacks are no longerRead MoreRacism in America Continues733 Words   |  3 Pagescomments and images have not reformed. Blacks continue to be undervalued in society. Not much has changed when it comes to social justice. Hate crimes against Blacks continue to go unpunished. America has evidently regressed when it comes to justice for Black/African Americans. One might ask; how do we know that racism hasnt ended? The evidence is obvious. â€Å"Emmett Till, who was 14 years old in the summer of 1955 when he walked into a local grocery store in Money, Miss., to buy gum. He was later roused

Philippines education system free essay sample

In the past years Philippines has been implementing k10 basic education system. However in 2011 government start to implement the k12 education system as basic education in Philippines. In new system there is a new curriculum andmethos that teachers will be using in this school year. enableto secure that the students will learn they made a method that the teachers should use. In school year 2011-2012 Universal kindergarten start. In the school year 2012-2013, the grade 1 is the first batch that will undergo the full k12 education system and the 1st high school (grade 7)will be the first batch that will undergo the enhance secondary program. This changes will be a big effect to students and teachers, the student needs to adjust to the new curriculum and the teachers needs to study the new way of teaching the new curriculum of the new education program. Teachers plays a big part so that the student will learn and develop their skills and talent. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippines education system or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the new education system, the wa how teachers teach the students will have a change. Having k12 system as a new basic education in Philippines, is the teachers follows the method of this new system? Are these teachers adjust already in the new method of curriculum and way to teach the students? The k-12 education program has been used by teachers in other countries in a long time already to teached the students . enable to learn from this education program will help the Filipino students to be more competitive, knowledgeable and prepared for their future. This new education program that introduced in the Philippines two years ago , will be needed the teachers to undergo seminars and training for them to learn how to teach the new curriculum to their students. The Department of Education (DepED) and St. Paul University Philippines (SPUP) have played a pivotal role in the implementation of the K+12 Enhanced Basic Education Program as the two institutions partnered to train the direct implementors in summer 2012. From May 3-June 3, 2012, DepED and SPUP conducted a series of trainings for the Grade 7 teachers in Cagayan Valley. SPUP was tapped by the DepED-Teacher Education Council as the teacher training institution for six learning areas: Science,English, Mathematics, Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao, Araling Panlipunan, and Filipino. A total of 2,219 secondary teachers from the different school divisions of Region 02 participated in the training program. The five-day training program aimed at: a) orienting the teachers with the K+12 Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum Framework, Curriculum Standards and Implementing Guidelines; b) enhance participants knowledge of content and instructional skills in terms of using the 21st century teaching-learning methodologies/ strategies and assessment methods; and c) reorient them with the teaching-learning principles, as well as the skills necessary for values integration. Clustered into six learning areas, the teacher-participants completed the 54-hour training program. Grade 7 Science teachers were trained on May 3-7; English teachers, May 8-12; Mathematics teachers, May 14-18; Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao teachers, May 20-24(first batch) and May 30-June 3(2nd batch); Araling Panlipunan teachers, May 26-30; and Filipino teachers, May 26-30( DepED, SPUP train teachers for K+12 implementation. Retrived from http://www. spup. edu.  ph/deped-spup-train-teachers-k12-implementation49). However after all this trainings, we still don’t know if teachers follows how DepEd suggested to teach the k-12 education program. The hypothesis of this to reveal the low number of teachers that follows how the k-12 education program should be teached. In this research , the researchers aims to determine if the teachers follows k-12 education program to teached their student by observing how teachers teach their student inside their classrooms.

Life! by The Cardigans free essay sample

Hailing from the land of pop, Sweden, The Cardigans are a five piece group whose sounds range from beautiful melancholy to lovely, cheery pop. Life, The Cardigans second album, breaks away from their first albums tiresome saddening and introvert sounds and trades them for something uplifting and cheerful. All their songs are reminders of those perfect summer days( Daddy’s Car) , staring at sunsets( Beautiful One), being with those who we love( Celia Inside), and laying on the ground, looking at the stars. Life was released in 1995, and became a international success. It barley saw any accomplishment in the U.S., due to the fact they had no recognition , until their third album came and produce their only one hit in the U.S., Lovefool, which was used in the movie Romeo and Juliet. Their sound for Life is just pure, simple pop. It doesn’t try to be complex, or impress anybody. We will write a custom essay sample on Life! by The Cardigans or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It just brings smiles and memories of good times, something that isn’t seen anymore in mainstream music. Most mainstream songs prefer a more metallic sound produced by electronics such as, synthesizers, computers, drum machines, and auto-tune. It is nice just to hear a band that plays instruments. The sound is much more organic. Technically, the album is well produced and the range of used instruments is incredible ( they used over forty instruments). For some the sound will seem too cutesy and turn them off, but gave it a few listens and this may be one of those albums that truly stands out. Life is a jewel in pop music, which is a genre most tend to avoid. The albums cheeriness and optimism help us forget about the problems, horrors and madness seen in our world and opens our eyes and lets us see the better things in life

CASE STUDY EnerNOC

Free sample - Why Torture Should Not be Legalized. translation missing

Why Torture Should Not be Legalized. Why Torture Should Not be LegalizedThe purpose of this paper is to argue why torture should not be legal to use in prosecution of the War on Terror. Starting point is a definition of torture. The UN Convention Against Torture gave this definition of torture in Article 1: â€Å"...any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him, or a third person, information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in, or incidental to, lawful sanctions† (UN Convention Against Tortu re) The torture is a system of measures used in ancient Greek and Roman Law, and it remained valid in Europe until the period of Enlightenment. People were aware of the problems of false testimony caused by the threat of torture, but torture was not meant to make a person confess something, it is used to gather details of the crime, which only the person suspected guilty would know. One of the worldwide known examples of usage of torture in Middle Ages is the Spanish Inquisition, where people were tortured under allegation of heresy. In early modern times, torture was practiced in England, but only in certain circumstances. The abolition of usage of torture in Europe came with French Revolution, and it has spread through other European countries (such as Portugal and Switzerland). In a modern world, torture is unacceptable (Article 5, UN Convention Against Torture). It is regarded to be a violation of human rights. The Geneva Conventions (four of them) were supposed to provide protection to people during the war. The third and fourth Geneva Conventions are most important when it comes to treatment of victims in war circumstances. It is clearly stated that usage of torture and cruel treatment to a person is prohibited and considered as a disgraceful act.   However, what really happens now, in the 21st century? How do we really look at torture? We despised it and thought savages, in foreign countries, did this. And then-the September 11†¦ After September 11, many of people changed the way they looked at torture. Horrible news, fear, panic, smoke, ash rising to the sky, fire and desperate cries of the survivals†¦ In addition, you could see this on a daily basis, on many TV channels. Raising the fear from terrorist attack and insecurity that citizens felt after the September 11 looked like it could be used for other purposes. The September 11 was the trigger for the Government to speak in public about â€Å"things† that are necessary to do in order to keep the World Peace. In some way, the Government needed to make torture a valid way of gathering information, with World Peace as an excuse. Urgency to make this happen could be seen in Government’s attempts to avoid the propositions and declarations of rights stated in Geneva Conventions. Scaring the citizens with new terrorist attack, bringing fear and confusion into our homes through News, made this moment of crisis a fertile soil for attempts of torture legalization. In addition, it was done â€Å"in the name of justice and peace†. Killing in the name of justice, spilling guts and crushing bones... In the name of â€Å"Peace†. Who shall listen to the moral compass and a voice of humanity? Is justifying the usage torture as a necessary mean in a war to â€Å"prevent† terrorists from striking again legal? The September 11 has, in a way, contributed to the justifying this immoral acts as just another â€Å"weapon† in war on terrorism. The thought process probably was â€Å"Well, you can’t kill them. You cannot let them go. You cannot process them legally as a normal person. What should we do?† I do not want to be misinterpreted – the torture existed long before the September 11, but this fact was kept as a secret. Many people ignore the fact that torture exists in a modern day societies. Why should they worry about some people having their fingers broken, when it does not exist in their own country? That is why our citizens trusted the Government to solve these problems. However, one of the things that changed after the September 11 was a view on a usage of torture as a legitimate way of gathering information. The interpretation of a law on torture and violence was under the influence of terrorist attacks, so it can be said that attitudes that are more flexible arose, and the number of torture-supporters started to grow. That meant hundreds and hundreds of people who approved the worst types of humiliation and many broken fingers with bones sticking out and the pain you with you never felt. That meant letting the trained, raged dogs at the prisoners, who are usually standing or sitting in a clothes filled with feces, surrounded by terrible smell of urine and fear from death. Can you imagine craving and begging for your own life, while that same smell burns your nostrils and blackens your vision? Can you imagine the intensity of shaking from fear and weakness, trying to stand up, no matter that you can see parts of your bones striking out from your bloody, dirty skin? â€Å"Bringing terrorists to justice.† Is it a right thing to interrogate humans with such savage interrogation techniques? Can we say that duck taping, boot camps, hidden facilities and prisons a legitimate way of â€Å"knowing the truth†? Is it, maybe, shipping the prisoners to unknown locations through the world and inte rrogating them in smelly, dirty chambers, filled with filth, which you think can crawl upon your skin and darken your soul? â€Å"Oh, you are just being disgusting.† Am I? In addition, the growing thirst and hunger, that look minimal in comparison with interrogation brutality, sadism that was stated not to be authorized, this is not disgusting? Can someone say this is not an act, which provokes the feeling of disgust in our bodies? Is it? Imagine those people naked, lying in cold, overcrowded chambers, being whipped, looking at the â€Å"justice† with bloody eyes and with deformed faces. Imagine what happens when they do not receive the needed medical attention, and the wounds start to develop growing infections. Maybe the delirium they fall in is better than what awaits them in reality†¦ Bags over the heads, thirst, unhealthy conditions... Geneva Convention has a detailed instruction on how to treat war prisoners. You can only be asked questions and you can decide do you want to answer or not. Nothing else. However, the codes of justice and humanity seem easy to forget when it comes to collecting valuable information in war. Just inform yourself what happens in Afghanistan, camp X-ray, camp delta†¦ They are just some examples of what could happen if we forget our humanity. Is the question of innocence ever asked in those situations? Maybe the person standing in front of the interrogator is actually the innocent one, without any information or knowledge about subjects that are interrogators interest. Is the torture of an innocent justified? It looks like it is easier to break bones than to prove someone’s innocence, but doing that in the name of â€Å"honor† and â€Å"freedom† is what worries me. Michael Kinsley wrote this: â€Å"†¦arguments made by Charles Krauthammer in the Weekly Standard: 1)No rational moral calculus could possibly justify sacrificing a million innocent lives in order to spare the would-be mass murderer a few minutes of pain. And 2) once you accept that torture would be justified in one situation, avoiding the use of torture on other situations is no longer a moral imperative. The question becomes where you draw the line† (retrieved from ... ). The dilemma does exist, but who will draw the line? Why are we so eager to legalize the torture, without knowing what the torture really means? Can we really understand the amount of pain, humiliation, fear for own life and lives of a family members when a gun is pointed at a forehead? Can we really understand what is like to be tortured and without any hope that our human rights are going to be respected, and that these people who conduct the torture are doing this â€Å"in the name of Peace and Truth†? Are we really so sure that we want to live in a world where World Peace is standing on the top of the pile of dead, deformed, bloody bodies? Think again.

Annotated Bibliography of Business Sources Essay

Annotated Bibliography of Business Sources - Essay Example Firstly, I grasped the meaning of key terms such as internal restructuring. Secondly, I also learned to show differences between company profits by using tables which can make it easier for readers to follow. Anver, Versi, ex al. "Africas Top 100 bank African Business Annual Rankings." African Business. Business Source Premier (2008): 2p. Oct2008 The article talks about banking in Africa and outlines information about the top 1000 banks found on the continent. Whilst the total assets of the 1000 banks are estimated to be $856 billion, it can be noted that about 84% of the banking assets are held by the top 30 banks. South Africa has 43% of the continent’s total bank assets. This article is also related to accounting where the author mainly relied on using numbers and statistics to illustrate the structure of banking in Africa. The author also talks about profits in the banking sector which is related to accounting. This article is very enlightening particularly when I am also writing something characterized by figures and statistics. The article is arranged in a nice format where ideas flow in a sequence which is easy to follow. It compares the operations of each bank as well as the profits. Steve, Forbes. "Two Biggest Things Still To Do." Forbes 182. Business Source Premier (2008): 1p. 13 Oct. 2008. This article is about fraud which is often found in many U.S. companies. It can be noted that the reason behind fraud is mainly caused by risky borrowing and lending. The crimes are often discovered by accident or following tip-offs.

The impact of Information Technology on a career Term Paper

The impact of Information Technology on a career - Term Paper Example I also propose that all companies should raise awareness of how information technology in HRM is needed in order to remain competitive. I first examine the current state of how IT is applied in HRM today. HRM today is becoming more influenced by Information Technology, but some companies are still using IT to cover older HR functions that have been in place for many years, and have not made use of best practices by fully utilizing IT. In the article â€Å"An Exploratory Analysis of E-HRM in the Context of HRM Transformation†, the author mentions how the focus for use and investment in IT with HRM has been for a limited number of functions such as basic database and spreadsheet uses, payroll, or other standard administrative functions but overlook better uses of IT such as using technology for corporate strategy (Foster, 3). As mentioned in a publication by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, some traditional ways of measuring employees by HR will always be needed despite the IT system involved, as in the case of personnel performance reviews. Yet, it is shown that the strategies of employee performance do not always match with departmental goals. This is an area that could be corrected through the use of IT. The article mentions that HR does not normally compile hard statistics or data to prove departmental successes, and hence there may be a lack of clear and documented evidence the benefits that IT provides. Also, HRM’s concentration on internal operations can have limiting effects in the way that senior management decides to use scarce IT investments (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, p. 22). In the article â€Å"The Future of Human Resources†, the authors outline how some companies are still in a traditional viewpoint with the role of Human Resources. Several key items mentioned are that the HR department is associated with processing activities (Dattner and Rothenberg, p.5). This would primarily include

Political Science Questions and Answers Assignment

Political Science Questions and Answers - Assignment Example Using the concepts of competition and socialization to anchor your analysis, explain what Waltz means when he writes that a structure â€Å"may designate a compensating device that works to produce a uniformity of outcomes despite the variety of inputs.† The implication by Waltz is that structure within the global system always focuses on maintaining their outcomes within constricted margins no matter the inputs to them. This is possible due to socialization factors and competition. Socialization results from differences in societies that arise from informal and impulsive techniques applied in the definition of conduct norms. Consequently, the resulting norms control the group members and this discharges diversity and heartens homogeneity. Conversely, competition defines organization where the outcomes facilitate the selection of behavior, where the least successful conducts leave the global system and the triumphant institutes set the pace imitated by others. Q.3. what are th e core assumptions of realism, according to Gilpin? How and WHY do Mearshimer’s assumptions differ? Guzzini reveals Gilpin’s five assumptions: the global system is stable provided no nations attempt changing it; states challenge the system where the benefits arising outdo the expenses incurred; nations seek to system change through economic, politica, and territorial growth up to the point of equilibrium or excess on marginal costs of continued change compared to marginal benefits; the attainment of equilibrium between benefits and costs resulting from additional change and growth causes faster increment in econiomic cost to sustain the status compared to the financial ability to support th status; and failure to resolve unequity causes system changes settles for a novel equity reflection .While Gilpin’s assumptions focus on the system systematic, and interaction changes within the global system, Mearshimer’s assumptions focus on factors contributing to the endless competition for security amongst nations. Additionally, Mearsheimer argues that given that power ful states operate anarchic environment, they feat and distrust each other leaving each to worry about the objectives of the other on security. Q4. Compare how Lebow and Waltz explain the nature of order and its relevance to the behavior of states on the world stage

Importance Of Outdoor Recreation

Importance Of Outdoor Recreation Leisure, recreation and tourism are generally viewed as key components in peoples lives (Lynch and Veal 1996). Outdoor recreation brings happiness to people as it gives recreational opportunities to them. Leisure means various things to different people and therefore it consists of many definitions given by many researchers. For instance, Fava(1964) stated that leisure is the time which an individual has free from work or other responsibilities and which may be used for the purpose of relaxation, diversion, or personal development. In contrast, according to Godbey (1999), a leading researcher in the field of leisure education said that leisure is typically related with spare time or situations in which people have the luxury of choice. Sylvester (1999) stated that , it must not neglect the fact that in ancient time, leisure was considered as a luxury and was affordable by affluent people only. Recreation The term recreation is derived from the Latin word of recreatio and recreate which means to refresh and to refresh and to restore (Edginton et al 1995). Examples of outdoor recreation involve: Visiting parks and natural areas. Visiting historical and archaeological sites. Outdoor concerts and festival. Golf and kite flying Forest activities like wildlife safari, camping and tree climbing. Importance of Outdoor recreation Research has shown that outdoor recreation activities undoubtedly contribute positively to one health as well as well being (Boniface 2000; Dickson et al; 2008). Through recreation activities, people get the opportunity to enjoy the natural environment if they are doing adventure activities, interact with other people (Berman Davis-Berman, 1995, 2000). Moreover, study has illustrated that the way life alters with the loss of link which inevitably result to poor lifestyles (Godbey et al; 2005). Nowadays, the new generation mainly children are more likely to be at risks than their parents. Children currently have more possibilities of health problems to such children, such as asthma, obesity, vitamin D deficiency since they have inactive lifestyle as well as lack of physical exercises, consequently, it may lead to cardiovascular, pulmonary and mental health problems in adulthood. Children from poor background are more likely to be away from green space as they have built environment such as bad housing condition, traffic congestion and so forth. Today the world is connected with technological gadgets and children tends to stay more in front of their computers, television, playing video games and after school hours they need to complete their homework therefore youngsters miss the contact with the natural setting, they also miss the chance for stress reduction, healthy development , physical activity and restoration. Motivation for outdoor recreation According to Iso-Ahola (1980), individuals are encouraged through defined objectives as well as rewards which can be either extrinsic or intrinsic. When a particular activity is occupied in to acquire compensation, it is known as extrinsically motivated. In contrast, intrinsically motivated is when a person is self motivated to achieve something or engaged in the activity for its own sake. Moreover, Iso-Ahola thinks that leisure behavior is mainly caused by intrinsic aspects which are linked to self-expression, competence as well as agreement which implies freedom of choice. Nevertheless, recreation choice should not be regarded as unlimited. The ability for individual to choose from a range of recreational activities cannot be compromised due to the fact that individuals motivation to be indulged in a given outdoor recreation is projected in the selection made from various outdoor activities. Furthermore, choice is encircled by many pitfalls such as physical capability, affordability, awareness, time restrictions and family obligations. These limitations differ among people and the demographic, socio-economic and other groups. Demand and Participation Demand is an economic term used in order to illustrate the link that exists between the quantities of a good that people will buy as well as the prices that they will have to pay. In other words, it refers to the ability and willingness to pay for a particular product. The elements of demands are as follows: Effective, expressed or actual demand is the actual number of participants, for instance it reflects the number of people that participate in countryside recreation. The number of people involved in such activity might be expressed per day or per year. Latent or suppressed demand refers to unfulfilled demand. Therefore, it is where an individuals desire to participate has not been fulfilled due to some reason. But if the situation alters such a desire may ultimately become effective demand. However, such demand is not easy to quantify as it relies on peoples wishes and desires as well. When taking into account suppressed demand it can be emphasized that the latter gives rise to two elements namely: deferred demand and potential demand. When reference is being made to deferred demand refers to demand that is unfulfilled due to a lack of amenities, for example, if a large number of people wish to go to the swimming pool but the problem is that if there is no swimming available then this want will be unfulfilled and demand will be postponed until a swimming pool is provided. In contrast, potential demand is demand that is unfulfilled simply because there is a shortage of personal resources such as income or mobility. But, if there is an improvement in terms of personal situation it can undoubtedly be fulfilled in the future. Lastly it can be said that there will be people who will surely prefer not to involve in recreational activities and this is known as no demand. Factors affecting demand for outdoor recreation can be classified into : Demographic characteristics Socio-economic characteristics Situational characteristics Demographic Characteristics In terms of demographic characteristics there are several factors that affect the recreation preference and it includes age, sex, marital status and family diversity. Research has shown that young male who are single are more likely to involve in outdoor recreation and even if they are married they are unwilling to have children (Booth, 1989; Genet 2001; Booth Peebles, 1995). These participants are really interested in their education and they inevitably want to get well paid jobs. Socio -economic characteristics Price From an economists perspective, price is considered to be a key factor in determining price as customers decision but the price of leisure is complicated with regards to many other products. For example, a normal product consists of a single price but while comparing it to the price of leisure activities it is different as it consists of separate elements such as the valid nature of the leisure, other price like costs of transport, parking, equipment, clothing and accommodation might be charged. Economists stated that as leisure involves time, therefore the opportunity cost of that time in terms of its possible earning power should also be included in the list mentioned above. According to Gratton and Taylor (1985) he argued that the price of a product affects demand in two different ways. First and foremost, the average cost of participation which involves all types of costs such as entrance fee, equipment and so forth might affect demand in terms of decision making to involve in the activity. Thus, the higher the average cost, the lower the participate rate. Secondly, marginal cost is the cost that has an impact on the frequency of participation. For example, in association with leisure activities there may be fixed costs involved like membership fee, buying of equipment and so on. Income Income can be viewed as a feature that enables people to buy a leisure product. Research has shown that in the second half of the nineteenth century there has been a drastic change with regards to income growth. It was then that the development of mass leisure started and simultaneously there was a constant increase of income and this has definitely an impact on growth of leisure. Affluent people have always enjoyed their leisure; therefore it can be made crystal clear as income increases people will surely have more leisure. Situational characteristics Time Self-employed people generally have better control concerning their time plan and these people are more likely to have more leisure time. Mobility Car ownership has increased dramatically because the income of people has risen and cars are more affordable to buy and run. If a person does not possess a vehicle, therefore he or she might be disadvantaged in terms of site, journey, timing and duration of the trip. External factors affecting demand for outdoor recreation are: Recreational opportunity is highly dependent upon availability and accessibility of recreation sites. Thus, the nature of recreation sites as well as availability will surely rely upon several things such as carrying capacity, ownership, distribution, quality, access and degree of development. These reflect three important elements which consist of economic, behavioral and political. Hence, it helps both private and public sectors in terms of good decision making with regards to recreation provision. While making decision to visit any particular recreational sites, accessibility is considered to be a key element in influencing participation. Moreover, how crucial it is, as an element in decision making in influencing the what and where of recreation involvement is explained by Chubb and Chubb (1981:153) : People participation will increase if all other external and personal factors support participants, however if the site is not accessible it might certainly be a problem. Recreation travel behavior While going to any particular site for recreation, distance is really important and for most movement, a distance-decay effect can be known so that the power of interaction diminishes as distance increases. In this context, if a recreational site consists of greater distance and involve more effort and time, might not be supported by participants. But, not all activities are time consuming as it relies on the types of activities that one is taking part in. The impact of longer distances will be negative to some extent as the more a person travel, he or might be tired and found it to be unpleasant. On the other hand, such effect may be encouraging in situation where a person is travelling by cruise. The latter may enjoy and the longer the distance the greater the desire to extend it. Recreation choice behavior Forecasting of recreation behavior would have been taken into account if more was known with regards to factors influencing decision-making to attitudes, motivations and perceptions. This would be very helpful as it would explain: Why some sites and activities are suitable; Why some recreational firms are failures while others are satisfied by participants; Why and how alternative recreation are ranked. The recreation alternative process is influenced by peoples perceptions of what recreational opportunities are available. Natural environments as recreation settings Driver et al. (1987) demonstrates that natural surroundings are really crucial in attaining the preferred result from leisure. Research conducted in Colorado have shown that participants like to enjoy mostly in nature, therefore, natural environment plays an integral role in achieving the result as well as satisfaction required from involvement in certain forms of recreation. According to Kaplan and Kaplan (1989), participants satisfaction is associated with natural settings through integration mind and body in the leisure activity. Hence, environmental aspect beyond doubt is considered to have a dominant influence on recreation behavior and this has first derived from gurus like Schreyer et al. (1985), he propose that the most helpful demonstration of the environment for the explanation of behavioral choice is considered as important. They also stated that people are more likely to explore the natural environment location which will undoubtedly allow them to behave in the ways they wish and consequently this will enable them to achieve a desired cognitive state. Thus, the theory that recreation experiences are closely linked to recreation location is fundamental with regards to the notion of the recreation opportunity spectrum.

What achieving a degree means to me :: essays research papers

â€Å"What achieving a degree means to me† Hello my name is ______________ I am a twenty nine year old married mother of two. I’ve been married for twelve years and I have an eight years old boy and a two years old girl. Since I was nineteen years old in the fall of 1991 I’ve attempted to earn a college degree attending first Tarrant County Junior College and second Weatherford College stop and starting back again several times over the years trying to reach my goal. In the summer of 1995 when my oldest was two my husband and I moved our mobile home on to new land, which required my assistance helping out financially. I started working for a great company that I loved, Auto Rail Services of Texas they are an afflation of Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway were I worked part time in the evenings doing data entry. Six months later I started working full time as the assistant office manager in charge of the day-to-day operations. I was sent to Tarrant County Junior College to gain a certificate in Microsoft Offic e applications. I continued to advance with in the company and enjoyed working there but in the July of 1998 the company suffered financially when Ford Motor Company moved there business to Union Pacific Railway, which caused downsizing in the company I was laid off. I contemplated going back to school after this but couldn’t financially afford to stop working full time. The following October I became pregnant with our second child and after her birth my husband and I decided to downsize our financial situation so that I could remain home with the baby. When the child was seven months old I took a part time position in my aunts security company where I assisted in the office and was able to bring my child with me. Not long after my aunts company was forced to go out of business, which caused me to relay on unemployment compensation, threw Texas Workforce Commission there I was informed I could return to college and receive assistance with childcare. I began all the necessary proceedings for the program and was informed before I could actually get the assistance I would need to pass the TASP test a mandatory test required before you are eligible to receive a degree in the State of Texas. Having passed all but the math section of the test I decided I would take a preparatory tasp math class.

Lord Henry’s Characterisation in Chapters 1-4 Dorian Gray

Lord Henrys Characterisation in chapters 1-4 Lord Henry’s character is perhaps the most influential in the novel, serving as the one of the prime contributors to Dorian’s corruption. In chapter 1, Basil pleas Wotton to stay away from Dorian as not to â€Å"spoil him†, then, after a pause states, â€Å"mind harry, I trust you†. Basil feels these words have been â€Å"†¦wrung out of him almost against his will†; this portrays Lord Henry’s power in influence as Lord Henry has gotten his way without so much as a word.We know Dorian is awfully important to Basil, as we know, he is absolutely infatuated â€Å"he is all my art to me now†. If Lord Henry were dangerous, why would Basil allow him to meet with Dorian? This is because Basil is powerless in the feat of Lord Henry’s manipulative powers. Lord Henry is worldly, experienced and speaks with conviction. , he is confident in his words and is self-assured. His statements are re spected and are rarely challenged, even in his social group of learned aristocrats he is highly respected.From the first page Lord Henry uses complex figures of speech and never misses an opportunity to display his wit. His conversations are always filled with a great amount of puns, wordplay and paradox’s -†there is only one thing worse than being talked about and that is not being talked about† At times it seems he is speaking in riddles, adding to his allure and mysteriousness that captures the reader.He is an artist of language and skillfully uses his art to experiment with people, this is clear in the unique development of his thinking up an idea shown in †he played with the idea, and grew wistful; tossed it into the air and transformed it; let it escape and recaptured it (page 42)â€Å" the actual attention to detail in his ideas as well as his thorough deliberation, convey what gives him such confidence and power. Lord Henrys views are generally cons idered immoral, but, through his eloquent speech and his thoughtful presentation of dialogue the reader, it seems reasonable to consider his impressive, seemingly well argued opinions.This helps us to understand Lord Henry’s ease and capability in the corruption of Dorian. His intelligence diverts from his manipulative nature and bad intentions. He knows his power and makes his own rules, the only person that truly can infiltrate him is himself. He refuses to recognize moral standard. He is a radical asthete and values looks highly over intellect choosing his friends for â€Å"good looks† and his enemies â€Å"for their intellects†. Relative to this, he is enthralled by Dorians good looks and calls him â€Å"charming†.He is also fascinated by Dorian but unlike Basil, see’s him as an experiment and seeks to play with him. Lord Henry says at one point â€Å"I like persons better than principles† displaying his lack of morals and his shallow na ture. He even believes â€Å"intellect destroys beauty† which could possibly be self loathing or could be a fascination with the face value of people, that can be linked to the preface in that art is to be admired and not read beyond how it appears.

Arab Nations Essay Example

Arab Nations Essay Example Arab Nations Essay Arab Nations Essay World War to current day, the Arabs have struggled to create a prospering nation of their own. The Arab states are underdeveloped because of the lack of support from the sthronger nations around the world. The most important questions to be asked are why is the Middle East such a mess? How can the United States help? And How are they helping themselves? The Middle East has gone through years of hardship even though they were one a dominant culture. The Middle East is a mess for numerous reasons starting with the first world ar. After the great powers of England and France won the first world war, there was a lot of land to divide up and give away. Through the Husan-McMahon Letter, a portion of the Ottoman Empire was promised to the Arabs in order for them to form there own homeland. Although, this land was promised land was also promised to the Jews, who altimatley received there own homeland. The Arabs were angered by this which started a permanent grudge against the worlds super powers. Following this England and France put there own allies in power over the Arab states. This only ook the anger of the Arabs further which would altimately started revolts. The strict religious governments and corrupt governments over powered the freedom of the Arab people. Without freedom the public felt as though there own government had betrayed them. These governments only pointed to one country which is the United States. The US has been involved in many world affairs, but we have failed to help the Arabs because of our partnership with Israel. The US can help the Arab states by providing them with materials to take over there own country. If the Arabs can finally ave there own homeland it might start recovering a huge gap between the two cultures. Also, America should allow Arab sstudents to study in America and learn our culture closer. This will allow the Arab people to know more about us. Lastly, In the future America should be able to have peace treaties with the Arab people so that we can have an end to this brutal war and hatred. The Arab states have finally learned of there own strength in recent events. Since 2010 there have been movements known as the Arap spring, This movement is revolts against corrupt governments to put democracy into place. The Arabs are helping themselves by forming together and forcing change on there governments. Instead of waiting for help like there were doing, they decided to take control of there own country. By putting a democracy together these nations will come together through equality. The underdeveloped Arab states are there own faults even though they do not nave tnere own nomelana. we nave now seen nat t tne Aran states dont need nelp from superpowers and can do it on there own. The questions of the middle east have shown that there is a lot of anger towards the United States.

Critical Perspective on Management and Leadership

Critical Perspective on Management and Leadership Introduction Critical Management Studies (CMS) form a substitute to a number of conservative administration presumptions and approaches. The key reason behind the development of CMS was to provide a transformative approach to traditional management. CMS is a sceptical look at the management and organisational structures that are currently in use.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Critical Perspective on Management and Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These structures are evaluated and criticised based on their demonstrated social and ecological sustainability (Adler 2007). Contrary to the popular belief, CMS is not rooted on the focus on individual organisations and their managers’ poor management practices (Adler 2007). This belief, which is propagated by the outsiders of CMS, is largely untrue. CMS stands for the critical assessment of the wider organisational and management structures. Adler state s that CMS focuses on ordinary elements such as ecological pessimism, public discrimination, and pitiable management that are displayed in the wider social and economic structures whose traditions have been simulated by long-established administrators and the evolving conformist organisations. The current framework of CMS entails the critical assessment of issues in management such as marketing, organisational strategies, information systems, accounting, organisational relations, and international networks (Clegg, Dany, Grey 2011). CMS focuses on fundamental matters such as the use of uncertainty and analysis of the ubiquitous organisational administration speculations, the prevailing organisational configurations and traditions in the effort to propose changes. The use of criticism and critique in CMS is also aimed at illustrating how the contemporary organisational patterns and structures are disruptive and conflict ridden, with this situation being propagated and nourished by ou t-dated beliefs and practices in management (Sim Van Loon, 2005).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More CMS does not only offer critique to the management issues, but also goes a step further to offer solutions and alternatives. The aim is also to prove that the practices and beliefs are essentially changeable, with the change being dependent on the attitudes, thoughts, and knowledge of the management (Sim Van Loon, 2005). CMS has developed from the works of a number of theorists and scholars who have contributed in the development of theories and structures that are essential to the recommended management changes. Some of the people who contributed significantly in the creation of CMS include Foucault, Weber, and Hegel, with the theorists and scholars contributing to, ‘contemporary developments that stretch beyond the realm of academic theory and philosophical or social thought’ (Adler, 2007, p.1316). The modern-day business enterprise serves different functions in the modern society and a critical assessment of these functions is necessary, with different social avenues of critique developing. Some of the contemporary issues in the global economy that have influenced the modern business environment include the introduction of the European Union and its market, the rise of China and India as global economic and social forces. These developments have provided a basis of comparison to the largely traditional and dominant Anglo-American organisational values and models. CMS is very broad, with the major concepts, theories, and thoughts being significantly many. This report applies the CMS theories to assess a case study on call-centre labour in a global economy by Premilla D’Cruz and Ernesto Noronha (2009).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Critical Perspective on Management and Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Case Set Up Bullying at the workplace has been a topic of concern for a long time for managers and human resource departments in organisations. This account, which is based in Indian, looks at the use of CMS in the analysis of D’Cruz and Noronha’s scenario examination on call centres. These individuals performed an investigation on the workplace occurrences of workers in some intercontinental call hubs in Mumbai and Bangalore. The two managed to assess the role of organisational sources of bullying at the workplace, thus providing some recommendations to the same (D’Cruz, Noronha 2009). Case Study Analysis Human resource management policies that are adopted in different organisations are displayed in the call centre working analysis above. There is a significant gap in HRM roles. Most organisations state that they apply soft policies, with the case study showing that hard HRM policies are actually th e ones being practiced. Most studies that have evaluated relationships between employers and their employees have concluded that although managers consider workers their most precious resources, they instead apply inflexible HRM guidelines and controls that are detrimental to their workforce. This shows that the organisation is considered more important in relation to employees. In the call centre, employees have no working union to safeguard their interests. They are however paid well with regard to the existing labour markets in the country. Another positive assessment of the HRM policies in the organisations shows that employees feel important while working there since adequate measures are in place to influence their self-interest and self-esteem. The organisations also participate in the inculcation of values to their employees to ensure that they put the organisational interests ahead of their own. Such organisations incorporate group work and collaboration at their workplaces . However, there are several negative policies in these call centres, including the hard and extended running hours. The operational circumstances are also complicated based on the many and frequently cruel customers that they encounter every day in their job.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These employees also have very high organisational targets, with the managers being harsh in the workplace. Harassment to these employees has contributed to conditioning, with D’Cruz and Noronha (2009) terming it as depersonalised bullying, which is created by the harsh policies, managers, supervisors, and a forceful working environment. HRM practitioners as displayed in the case can be described as disguising hard working conditions provided at the workplace with soft rhetoric. Critical theory is important in this expression. It states that rhetoric has dominated over reality in the current HRM mandates (Guest 1990). According to Guest (1990), HRM roles act as a smokescreen where the management teams can evade union formation and function in organisations, thus turning employees into working slaves, where they can work against their own will in the belief that the organisations are benevolent. Another researcher who is opposed to the displayed organisational rhetoric is Tada jewski (2011) who states that this rhetoric introduces HRM tasks that consider organisational benefit before employee welfare. Gane and Kalberg (2013, p. 26) also observe, ‘organisations use rhetoric to communicate an inherently attractive image of people who trust each other, share risks, and rewards and are united by common feelings of identity while providing little indication of the remote economic rationalism that distinguishes management in the real world’. Other researchers and analysts have also claimed that the softness displayed by the management is a way of ensuring that employees are subjective to the interests of the organisation. Managers also use the softness to wade off discontent from the displayed organisational control. The Indian Call Centre analysis provides results that reinforce critical perspectives. The analysis of the case study can also be done using the theories on transformational leadership and bureaucracy advanced by Max Weber. Bureaucracy In organisations, some officials are appointed to carry out specific duties and functions. They are awarded specific powers to carry out these functions (Budhwar, Varma, Singh Dhar 2006). Bureaucracy in the ideal form is the organisational arrangement where specific individuals are involved in the giving and receiving of commands, which are based on the existent rational system of rules, with no involvement of external influences (Morrison, 2006). The fundamental features of the bureaucracies described by Max Weber define the running of some organisations, with control vesting on specific individuals (Cox 2009; Cooper Burrell 1988). He claims that this form of bureaucracy leads to the ‘iron cage’ phenomenon in organisational management although the ideal application of bureaucracy would lead to greater organisational efficiency and effectiveness (Cox 2009). In the operations at the call centre, both the supervisors and junior employees are obedient to the existing di fficult and intolerable conditions at the workplace. The acceptance to working in these conditions demonstrates the iron cage phenomenon described by Weber (Cox 2009). These workers have been deprived of their privileges to dispute and to set right the circumstances at the administrative centres, with the reason being that they have acknowledged depersonalised maltreatment. In this case, CMS can be used to show how organisations can use bureaucracy to change the meaning and use of teamwork. In the organisation, the traditional and mainstream management perceptions practised include teamwork as a tool for mobilising employees to achieve organisational goals and improved organisational performance (Adler, Forbes, Wilmot, 2007). CMS on the other hand demonstrates that teamwork is abused in the present day organisational dispensations. Research works indicate that teamwork is effective as a management aid. However, in the recent years, the poor performance of well-staffed teams to perfo rm and deliver on the organisational goals has cast doubts on this notion. CMS, therefore, suggests that teamwork in the modern context is a tool for the exploitation of employees by organisations, with management and HRM mandates using teamwork to oppress team members in the name of improving organisational performance (Adler, Forbes, Willmott 2007). Transformational Leadership Transformative leadership as suggested by Max Weber (Cooper Burrell 1988) and/or advanced by Bass can be considered in terms of the ‘I model’ (Bass, 1990, p. 19). This model of transformational leadership consists of four components, including intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, individualised consideration, and idealised influence (Bass 1990). The model states that leaders should act as role models in organisations. According to Bass (1990), the intellectual influence that demands leaders to act as role models causes the generation of trust and the foundation of ethics in orga nisations. Intellectual stimulation entails the incorporation of views on employees in the operation of the organisation by the transformational leaders. Individual consideration, on the other hand, ensures that transformational leaders consider the welfare of each individual in the organisation irrespective of their levels in the organisational echelon. These types of leaders give attention to workers, thus providing them with motivation and encouragement in the course of their work. Inspirational motivation entails transformational leaders motivating their employees, inspiring them, and providing them with bravery and means of countering any challenges in the organisations’ operations. In the call centres discussed in the case study, leaders have a little display of transformative leadership as evidenced by the occurrences of depersonalised bullying in their respective organisations and their inability to deal with the same. Employees display a labour force that is not moti vated, inspired, or dedicated to their work, and are not involved in the development of policies or their implementation (Adler, Forbes, Willmott 2007). These employees demonstrate the absence of transformational leadership, with the authors stating that the organisation needs the introduction of this form of leadership (Adler, Forbes, Willmott 2007). Recommendations It suffices to make a number of recommendations to the changes that are necessary in the organisations in terms of their management policies with regard to CMS. The organisations should embark on the introduction of a union for employees to cater for their own welfare. A union will be crucial in the development of a better working environment for these employees since it will safeguard their interests in the organisation. Another change that the management needs to adopt is teamwork that is geared towards employee motivation and empowerment. Instead of using teamwork to affect the organisational productivity, organisa tions should apply the same to motivate their employees. The call centres also need to adopt training for their leaders on the principles of transformative leadership to ensure such leadership is practiced in these organisations. The call centres need to introduce policies that are friendly to the workforce. These policies include the reduction of the working hours for employees. Since these employees work in cruel conditions, they are exposed to depersonalised harassment from all sides, including the clients. A reduction of the working hours and the introduction of shorter shifts will act as a cushion for some of these challenges. Other necessary measures include the introduction of new campaigns to enhance collaboration between employees and their supervisors and the creation of a working feedback mechanism. Employees should be allowed to express their views through participation in decision-making processes in these call centres. Conclusion In conclusion, critical management stud ies are important in the changing of the conventional organisational dispensation. CMS provides alternative management theories in the attempt to change the conventional practice in organisations. The report has focused on depersonalised harassment as witnessed in the aforementioned administrative centres in India as discussed by D’Cruzi and Noronha. Several Max Weber’s suppositions, namely civil service and transformative headship, have been used in the assessment to determine the situation at the areas of work, specifically at the said call hubs. An analysis using these theories has shown that the management structures in the contemporary organisations are different from the rhetoric discussed by researchers. The HR customs are oppressive and that workers have adapted to working in these conditions. The report suggests some major changes that should be made at these organisations based on the CMS analysis. The adoption of these recommendations is crucial to improveme nt in the HR issues observed in the call centres. Therefore, human resource managers have a lesson to learn from this report in terms of the way they handle employees who are the key pillars of any organisation. HR managers need to make sure that the environment to which employees are exposed is work friendly in the effort to motivate them (the employees) towards giving their best to the organisations. This strategy will in turn lead to the accomplishment of the formulated targets. References Adler, P 2007, ‘The Future of Critical Management Studies: A Paleo-Marxist Critique of Labour Process Theory’, Organisation Studies, vol. 28 no. 1, pp. 1313–45. Adler, P, Forbes, L Willmott, H 2007, Critical management studies, Annals, vol. 1 no. 1, pp. 119-179. Bass, B 1990, ‘From transactional to transformational leadership: learning to share the vision’, Organisational Dynamics, vol. 18 no. 3, pp. 19-31. Budhwar, P, Varma, A, Singh, V Dhar, R 2006, HRM syst ems of Indian call centres: an exploratory study, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 17 no. 5, pp. 881-897. Clegg, S, Dany, F Grey, C 2011, Introduction to the Special Issue Critical Management Studies and Managerial Education: New Contexts? New Agenda?’, Management, vol. 14 no. 5, pp. 272-279. Cooper, R Burrell, G 1988, Modernism, Postmodernism, and Organisational Analysis: An Introduction, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK. Cox, J 2009, Critical Management Studies at Work: Negotiating Tensions between Theory and Practice, Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar. D’Cruz, P Noronha, E 2009, ‘Experiencing Depersonalised Bullying: A Study of Indian Call-centre agents’, Work Organisation, Labour Globalisation, vo. 2 no. 2, pp. 24-46. Gane, N Kalberg, S 2013, Presenting Max Weber. (Max Weber and Contemporary Capitalism and Max Webers Comparative- Historical Sociology Today: Major Themes, Mode of Causal Analysis, and Applications) (Book rev iew), Canadian Journal Of Sociology, vol. 3 no. 1, p. 407. Guest, D 1990, ‘human resource management and the American Dream’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 27 no. 1, pp. 377–397. Sim, S Van Loon, B 2005, Introducing critical theory, Icon Books, Royston. Tadajewski, M 2011, Key Concepts In Critical Management Studies, Sage, Los Angeles, Calif.

John Dewey Significane to Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Dewey Significane to Education - Essay Example Adhering to the belief that education should be practical and relevant to the needs of society, Dewey argued for the reformation of the educational system. In Experience and Education, Dewey (1925) stated that in many cases, schooling stands in the way of learning. In order to make intellectual progress, he noted, "we mostly have to unlearn what we learned in school" (p. 7). As revolutionary as they were several decades ago, Dewey's philosophical theories in the field of education have stood the test of time and have tremendous relevance to education in the 21st century. Dewey's theory of experiential learning focused on learning within a social environment (Semel & Sadovnik, 1999). He asserted that knowledge was based on prior experiences and constructed in social settings. He argued that knowledge needs to be organized in real-life experiences that provide a context for the information being presented. The role of teachers is to help students organize content and facilitate real-life experiences to reinforce the information included in the lessons. Dewey suggested that experiences in education should reflect the capabilities and readiness of the learner, and the quality of the experience is a critical component of his theory on experience and education. If the experience is appropriate, learners can develop the knowledge needed to apply their experiences to other situations. As a result, they have created new knowledge, have advanced to a different level of readiness, and are prepared to acquire and construct additional knowledge. Dewey was frustrated when philosophers did not view education with sufficient seriousness. He maintained that learning by participation in the ways of their communities, allowed children to achieve and grow cognitively and become productive adults. Rather than teaching isolated bits of information in a given lesson, Dewey perceived education as an interactive process with schools providing opportunities for students to engage in activities that require the exercise of a complete set of reflective thoughts and experiences (Tanner, 1997). This is quite a contrast from the traditional model of the classroom where the teacher transmits the knowledge to the students and the students are passive recipients of knowledge. At the present moment, as schools face challenges in providing students with adequate education to become productive citizens in a global economy, stakeholders in education are searching for ways to provide effective educational experiences for the students (Davis, 2005). Everyone is looking for results. With the government requiring greater accountability and academic outcomes from students through the enactment of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 educators must assume accountability for the intellectual development of their students. This has once again focused the teaching profession on creating classroom experiences for students that produce more lasting learning. As a result, many educators are beginning to revisit Dewey's educational philosophies and theories (Semel & Sandovik, 1999). They recognize that education that builds on the prior experiences of children contributes to development of new knowledge. This use of experiential education also can help children become act ive learners who take more responsibility for their academic outcomes. Thus, Dewey believed that building on prior experience as an instructional strategy should be primary in all educational

DP CH 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

DP CH 1 - Essay Example Type-2 diabetes accounts for more than 90% of diabetes cases and has been increasing primarily because of the rise in the obesity, heart complications, and kidney failure (County of Los Angeles Public Health (2008). At the same time; age, gender, ethnicity, and life style patterns also affect the level of diabetes in Asians, Whites, and Africans (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). The numbers of diabetics in the United States have been increasing in last few years and obesity is considered as the main reason behind it. However, race and gender has also been assumed as the main factors in determining the impact and influence of diabetes in many people (Chowdhary, et al, 2003). Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death and ninth leading cause of premature death in Los Angeles County suggesting that the impact and influence of diabetes is quite high on the lives of people living in Los Angeles County (Wulffson, 2011). It was further found that the prevalence of diabete s in quite high in Black and South Asian people suggesting that race and ethnicity play an important role in determining and ascertaining the level of diabetes. It was further found that Black and South Asians are more inclined to develop diabetes mainly because of their lifestyle and obesity issues that is more inclined to eating oily and unhealthy food. Diabetes is a life threatening health complication that can affect the well being of people in a considerable manner (Wulffson, 2011). It was found that adult diabetes rate has increased from 6.6% in 1997 to 9.1% in 2007 affecting more than 65000 adults in Los Angeles County and can be considered as an alarming situation (County of Los Angeles Public Health (2008). As per the report published by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012); it was found that out of the 25.6 million adults with diabetes in the United States, 12.6 million were women in the year 2010. This clearly shows that the number of women suffering from diabetes in the United States is quite high. It was also found that Black and South Asian women are more likely to develop diabetes compared to European and White women. The risk of heart disease in women was found to be more serious compared to men highlighting the risks women are exposed to in terms of diabetes in the United States (Das, 2002). Women with diabetes are more likely to develop heart and obesity issues that can further affect their life expectancy in a negative manner. As stated before, gender, race, and ethnicity play an important role in determining the level of diabetes and the danger of diabetes is quite high in Hispanic, Africans, Asians, and American Indians. It is often believed that family history also determines the level of diabetes and, people with poor genes and complicated medical history are supposed to develop diabetes either at an early or later age (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). The complication of diabetes can be in the form of he art issues, obesity, poor health, weak eye sight, and uneasiness. All these health complications can lead to long term health complications that may result in sudden death or failure of multiple body organs (Eyler, 1998). People suffering from diabetes need to be more focused on accepting a healthy lifestyle rather living an erratic lifestyle that can affect the overall well being in a negative manner. Diabetes cannot be cured permanently, it can only be managed and controlled and

The economic impacts of tourism on Brighton Dissertation

The economic impacts of tourism on Brighton - Dissertation Example INTRODUCTION Tourism has always been a great source of economic activities. It is one of the largest and constantly evolving industries of the world where growth and development rate is high. Many countries thrive over tourism and it is stated to provide around ten percent of the income of the world with ten percent of the world’s workforce associated with it (Stynes 1997). The social and economic impact of tourism is significant as it leads to the developments of infrastructure, creates job opportunities and brings in an inflow of foreign currency (Stynes 1997). Tourism is also instrumental in preserving the local arts and handicrafts as tourists buy various articles such as pottery, carpets, wood carvings, metal carvings and other types of handicrafts as souvenirs (Mirbabayev & Shagazatova n.d.). UK is one of the European countries that attract tourists from all over the world. UK offers diversity in tourism such as education tourism, medical tourism, urban tourism, rural to urism as well as a quiet holiday at a countryside. Brighton is a beautiful and busy tourist spot in UK that attracts eight million tourists annually (World Guides 2013). From a small fishing village in the 13th century it has emerged as one of the popular tourist destination in England. It is one of the top five popular cities of UK and also comes within the top ten overseas tourist destinations in UK (VisitBrighton n.d.). Because of its quaint combination of history and modern traditions, the place is known as â€Å"London by the Sea†. There has been extensive research on tourism however Brighton is not particularly discussed with reference to tourism. This research aims to study how tourism helps Brighton’s economy. With main aim to explore how important tourism is for Brighton and the money tourism attracts from various tourist activities, this study also evaluates the impact of tourism on local economy in Brighton and how tourism helps local businesses in Brighton. 1.1 Research Aims & Objectives The main aim of this study is to explore how important tourism is to UK economy and how much money tourist attractions and activities in Brighton attracts to UK. Along with achieving this aim, this stud also aims to explore following. To explore how tourism helps Brighton and how tourism in Brighton contributes to UK economy. To critically evaluate the impact of tourism on local economy in Brighton while studying its negative and positive aspects. To find out how tourism helps local businesses in Brighton. To explore the reasons tourists visit Brighton. 1.2 Rationale of this Study The reason for the selection of this topic is to explore this area in detail because research on tourism in general is done on vast level; however, tourism in Brighton is studied less. Besides, economy is important for every country and tourism is a business that contributes significantly to the economy. Every

Political And Economic Globalization Essay Example for Free

Political And Economic Globalization Essay Globalization in whichever form has received different view from different people all over the world. It has always portrayed two faces in any field in which it was applied. Generally, globalization has its roots in economic and political concerns. These two areas are key factors which touches the lives of people in any country, hence, globalization in either economic or politics will most if not always affect the ways of life in any given country. The consequences of economic and political globalizations are thus paramount in the induction of particular changes in the cultural ways of these communities. The economic and political globalization has an impact on culture while at the same time the cultures have enormous impacts on the globalization of both. This is because there is an intimate interrelationships and integration of the three human activities which builds the human life. Thus, from the historical view of the three things, they have gone hand in hand for complete human life existence. Globalization of politics and economic are two key factors which are affecting the culture of modern world bringing about cultural homogeneity rather than cultural diversity. In reality, this has made crowds of people to remain perplex on which ways is these economic and political globalizations is driving the culture. (Mudimbe-boyi, 2002) Meanwhile, globalization has also allowed the cultural diversity tpo surface as countries started to accept the globalized views and ways of life. The more global influences get in the culture, the more chance that the community acknowledges the uniqueness of its culture. First and foremost are that many people having experiences obstacles of understanding what is culture and the compositions of culture. Michael Amaladoss gave any efforts of defining culture. He said â€Å"culture is the way of a life of a people through which they humanize and socialize nature. † In his further elaboration, he mentioned that it implies the world-view, a value system and a network of social relationships. There are key areas in which during economics and political globalization, they are obviously affected. The effects are felt when many people changes their values system and the original products which were once used by their forefathers. This phenomenon is not rare in most parts of the world where many people have gone under the transition of economic and political globalization. There are numerous alarming cultural practices which the world’s leaders are now struggling to ban as result of this two globalizes factors. (Cowen, 2002) In some instances however, globalization becomes a driving force for people to realize how cultural affinities are being ignored. As people in different communities strive to adopt into the globalized world, they start to be more keen on its effects in the culture, thus the rise of groups concerned with protecting and/or preserving the cultural heritage. It has also served as the venue for countries to showcase the unique culture to the entire world. Globalization of economy and politics are not bring along with cultural diversity. Generally, each globalization processes are working ways out to have homogeneity of cultures. For instance, in terms of economic globalization in the sectors of agriculture sectors, the world’s organizations which deal with the problems of foods shortages do not address the problem from root cause of the shortages. Their models hardly emphasizes on the available establishment of these local food stuff in the particular countries. Instead, they widely and vast get involved in the use of imports to solve the problems of hungers. Through such means the cultural foods products of the native communities in these states are set into extinction as the local are encouraged to embark on sowing new types of crops. This portrays that there is expansion of the culture from one point of country to another through these aids creating a homogenous cultures. (Adam, 2002) But because of the uniqueness of the cultures of each country, cultural differences will most likely affect how a country reacts to a globalized world, or how a country respond to globalization. Globalization can sometimes tend to be too Westernized that countries from Asia or from other part of the world will find it hard to adopt, thus resulting to further cultural diversity rather than homogeneity. Their global information infrastructures which as come on the ways of technology and industrialization has made trade increases. In addition, to trade many countries have been subjects to comply with unnecessary economic condition. This has especially affected those developing countries where resources and job opportunities are limited. The unfavorable economic environments in those states have created a loophole for the exploitation of the people. The people are being forced by worse survival means to adapts the foreign culture so that they can attain their goals in life. As the adage goes â€Å"power and wealthy and there to conquers and dominates the weak†. (Cowen, 2002) Meanwhile, globalization has also helped developing countries. An example is for developing countries in Asia such as Philippines and India who have become an ideal venue for the support needs of the economies of the US and other countries in Europe. This has paved the way for the booming business processing outsourcing (BPO) industries in these countries due to globalization. The political globalizations are largely affecting the culture of these different communities of the world in the pretence of fighting for human rights. The politics from the westerns and Americans have spreads in all corners of the worlds in which the Americans are fighting to have democratic political area. Political globalists has intervened in issues of marriages and other matters which touches family affairs. Argument such as homosexuals and other related family matters have been widely politicized debates which have been accelerated by political globalization. The consequences of this embarked in the developments countries which are majority pro- globalisms. The final result is that, the continued interaction of the people in the economic dispersions in the trades industries wits such peoples has enables the spreading of the vices to thousands of countries in other continents. Gayism and lesbians are two vices which did not exist in African continents in date of the previous two centuries back. The perpetual globalization on economic and politics has spread this scourge disease to the continent in the last four to five decades. This vividly demonstrates, that the cultures which had rooted values in the continent has been absorbed creating some support of homogeneous culture rather than cultural diversity. (Mudimbe-boyi, 2002) In the same way, the share of culture had also positive effect on other communities. People become more informed of how things are done in the other parts of the world, and thus they are able to establish benchmarks. These will then become a basis of the right way of doing things by using these as models on how to successfully deal with political and economic concerns. Reference: Adam, D. (2002): Community, Culture and Globalization: Rockefeller Foundation Cowen, T. (2002): How Globalization is changing the Worlds Culture: Princeton University Press. Greenaway, D. (2005): Adjusting to globalization: University of Nottingham Mudimbe-boyi, E. (2002): Histories, Identities, Cultures, and the Challenge of Globalization: University of New York Press

Creative Story: The Golden Sock :: essays research papers

Creative Story: The Golden Sock Years after Odysseus came from his twenty year trip, Odysseus began to feel restless; he wanted to go on an adventure. He knew that his wife, Penelope would not agree to his decision to go seek the long stolen, "golden sock". To many people, this may be any ordinary sock, but to Ithica, it was different. It was the sock worn on the first person to set foot on the land of Ithica. Odysseus finally decided to go on the journey to seek the "golden sock." He snuck away leaving Penelope a note telling where he is, and what he wants to do. Him, and his hundred crew men went all the way to the Gibralter strait where he was turned around by Charybdis' funnel, and stranded on the peninsula of Hubble. He picked his best men to search the beautiful island. "Men, our objective here is to find the long gone, "golden sock". We have traveled hundreds of miles already, and we still have not come close to finding the "golden sock". I want you to look at the feet of every man on this island, hoping to see the "golden sock". This may not be easy, and we may have to fight, so I want every man to be ready to go to war," Odysseus claimed. Odysseus and his men came to a cave and were directly surrounded. They got ready to fight, but the people were only trying to find out if they were friendly or hostile. The people were called the Takol Klan. They invited Odysseus and his men for the verrano feast. The Takol Klan, that greeted them, seemed to overly excited to Odysseus. "Hey, do two of you want to come and help us set up for tomorrow's feast," Taboli said. "Sure, Odysseus, Ankortipo and I are going to go with these friendly hosts," said Amtiphorus. "Go ahead, you two, but watch your back; we don't know these people, they might have the holy, golden sock," said Odysseus. Odysseus gathered all of his men, and told them, that their main task was to look at all the men's feet, trying to seek the "golden sock". Odysseus followed the soldiers to the sitting room, and a mammoth of a beast was sitting on the couch watching T.V. He stood up and introduced himself. "My people call me Cyclops, and you can see why, I am the leader of this tribe." "My name is Odysseus, my men call me Odysseus, but you can call me Master." "Welcome Master. Will you join me for dinner in my private quarter?

Emergency Response in Franklin County Essay

The role of major health personnel in an emergency is to manage the safety and well being of the people in their community during and after a natural or man-made disaster. This is done by assessing the details of what occurred, what needs must be met and facilitating a team to organize information about the event and provide logistics as quickly as possible. This is seen in the simulation exercise for the â€Å"Disaster in Franklin County†. (Olson, Larsen, Scheller, & Johnson, 2006) Roles are appointed in a chain of command format. It is ideal that all personnel have received some type of emergency management training, but even if not, skill sets must be assessed and duties assigned accordingly. An Incident Commander will be appointed and the Public Health Director assigns rolls that include finances, planning, logistics, public information liaison and operators. The Public Health Team will work closely and concurrently with other entities, such as the Fire Chief, Police Chief, Hazardous Materials Team, Public Works and EMS teams. The public health department is mostly concerned with the safety and logistics of sheltering victims and being sure that food and water provided is safe for consumption. The community health nurse is primarily concerned about the immediate welfare and safety of the public, including issues of safety in homes, sanitary food options and safe water availability. It is important to have press releases ready to go that are clear and informative, yet simple. Any public statement made by the nurse should be thoughtful and considerate, assuring the community that they are in good hands and that things are being taken care of by appropriate people and in a timely manner. Public Service Announcements (PSAs) are an opportunity to gain trust and respect and show competence and compassion. In the Franklin County scenario, the public health nurse is assigned to do door-to-door interviews in an area of town hit the hardest by flood damage. The nurse is assessing for personal safety, being certain that there are no medically fragile patients, home bound persons or persons with special needs. Without electricity, a patient that requires at home oxygen, nebulizers, chemo or dialysis will need to be assisted to a shelter. Families with infants must be comfortable with an abundance of supplies. Contamination risks from food spoilage must be made aware, and the nurse must assess if he or she believes that the family has the means to safely prepare meals and have access to clean water. Finally, the nurse assesses for structural safety and advises community members on whether or not they should consider relocating to a shelter. With the uncertainty of going door-to-door, a nurse must be prepared to assess needs that are out of their scope of practice. They must be prepared to offer resources that may be out of their area of expertise. Situations that occur may range greatly, such as difficulty with foreign language communication, to chemical spills in yards or improper use of a generator. In cases such as this, the actions of the community health nurse must be resourceful and know that he or she can call on other professionals to reach out where they needed. A family with chemical leakage from flooding may be guided to a shelter for their immediate safety and the community health nurse may follow up by asking an Environmental Director to assess the property, instead of offering wrong or false advice to the homeowner. Natural and man-made disasters not only put community members at a physical risk, but also at emotional risk, as situation arise as homes are destroyed, insurance issues arise, or being separated from loved ones. The public health nurse also needs to take action and be resourceful in providing appropriate referrals for mental health, including providing phone numbers, access to call or reach out, and to follow up and be sure that there is enough man-power to assist with answering phones or counseling people. Techniques that were used were active listening and repeating statements back, validating that their thoughts and fears are heard. Assurance was given that the situation was grave, but not hopeless. Encouragement was provided to make appropriate, yet difficult, decisions such as leaving one’s house and personal belongings in a time of crisis. In widespread disaster scenarios, that affect greater areas, such as Hurricane Katrina, not only are public nurses needed, but it is important that nursing personnel from hospitals and state health departments are involved. In times of crisis, all professionals need to be on the same page to avoid offering mixed messages or advise to the public. Basic training in emergency management should be provided for all health care professionals. Emergency communication must also be set in place, as with no electricity or land lines, there must be agreed upon and practiced means of communication between all emergency responders. In area with high incidences of particular storms, flooding or power outages, PSA’s can be prepared ahead of time and are ready to go during times of crisis with minor modifications. The community health nurse is an import piece of the emergency management team, and is a direct liaison between the public and the resources.